Description
This lesson includes complete before-reading, during-reading, and after-reading activities for the powerful short story “Battle Royal” by Ralph Ellison.
In this heartbreaking and deeply symbolic narrative, an unnamed Black narrator recounts his experience navigating identity, racism, and systemic inequality while attempting to please a white power structure in hopes of earning a scholarship and securing a better future. The story exposes the psychological toll of humiliation and control, revealing the internal conflict between self-respect and survival in an unjust society.
Rich in existential themes and symbolism, “Battle Royal” serves as a critique of the ways Black Americans were subjected to degradation, manipulation, and false promises of opportunity. This lesson is especially well suited for Black History Month and pairs effectively with history units focused on the 1940s–1950s, racial segregation, and civil rights–era struggles.
Students begin with a before-reading PowerPoint presentation that introduces Ralph Ellison, explores the legacy of The Invisible Man—of which “Battle Royal” is the opening chapter—and provides essential historical context, including the Reconstruction Era, the Great Migration, racism in America, and the Harlem Renaissance. Academic vocabulary from the story is also introduced to support comprehension.
During reading, students complete literary analysis questions that guide close reading and require the use of textual evidence. After reading, students respond to constructed responses and journal prompts that encourage reflection, interpretation, and personal connection to the story’s themes. Complete answer keys are included to support instruction and assessment.
This lesson is ideal for middle school and high school ELA, offering students the opportunity to critically examine literature as a reflection of history, identity, and social injustice while strengthening analytical reading and writing skills.